National response to syphilis

On 7 August 2025, the Chief Medical Officer declared syphilis a ‘Communicable Disease Incident of National Significance’. The media release provides more information.

Syphilis in Australia

Syphilis has significantly increased in Australia in the past decade. In 2022, case notifications of infectious syphilis had more than doubled from recorded rates in 2015.

Certain population groups are especially at risk:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
adolescents and young adults
gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men
heterosexual men
people experiencing housing insecurity
people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds
people in custody
people who are Medicare ineligible
people who are pregnant and are not engaged in antenatal care
people who are transgender and gender diverse
people who have had an STI within the previous 12 months
people who use drugs
sex workers
travellers and migrant workers
women of reproductive age.

Untreated syphilis can have serious health consequences for both men and women. For pregnant people, syphilis can be passed onto the baby if left untreated, and can cause severe pregnancy and birth complications, including death.

We are responding to the syphilis outbreak at a national level. This is part of our work to tackle communicable diseases, including other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and bloodborne viruses (BBV).

Addressing syphilis in First Nations communities

The Australian Government is collaborating with the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO) to reduce syphilis in Indigenous communities. Together they are committed to supporting an enhanced response to addressing syphilis outbreaks in prescribed regions across Australia through the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS).

Funding includes support for:

workforce supplementation and implementation costs for the roll-out of the ‘Test and Treat’ model, including point-of-care testing (PoCT) for ACCHS in the outbreak regions
development and roll out of a ‘train the trainer’ model to upskill the existing and the supplemented workforce in both the ‘Test and Treat’ model
developing culturally appropriate health communication and education materials in consultation with community, aimed at both clinicians and the target population.

For more information on the Enhanced Syphilis Response see Sexual Health – NACCHO.

National strategies

Fifth National STI Strategy 2024-2030

The Fifth National STI Strategy 2024–2030 provides the guiding principles, goals, targets, priority areas and priority populations for our national approach to addressing STIs.

Its main priorities are to:

carry out education and prevention activities
increase testing, early treatment and management
ensure people have access to prevention programs and coordinated care
increase workforce capability
improve data collection and surveillance
address stigma and discrimination.

The Fourth National STI Strategy 2018–2022 provides the guiding principles, goals, targets, priority areas and priority populations for our national approach to addressing STIs.

Its main priorities are to:

carry out education and prevention activities
increase testing, early treatment and management
ensure people have access to prevention programs and coordinated care
increase workforce capability
improve data collection and surveillance
address stigma and discrimination.

National Syphilis Response Plan

Together with the current National STI Strategy, the National Syphilis Response Plan 2023–2030 guides our national response. 

Its 4 national goals are to:

Strengthen prevention and testing strategies for syphilis in priority populations and settings, targeting high-burden areas
Eliminate congenital syphilis

National syphilis surveillance and monitoring plan

The National syphilis surveillance and monitoring plan provides indicators to monitor our progress towards achieving the goals.

We report on progress through quarterly syphilis monitoring reports.

Guidelines

We recommend referring to the Australian STI Management Guidelines for use in Primary Care for guidance on testing, treatment and management of STI, including syphilis. The guidelines have recently been updated, to see what’s changed visit What's New – STI Guidelines Australia.

For healthcare professionals and services, we also recommend consulting your state or territory’s local guidelines and resources. They will give advice for STI management that is specific to your region.

Workforce and education activities

We give funding to:

increase the health workforce and testing and treatment in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in affected regions
increase community awareness of syphilis, other STIs and BBV through education activities.

Education activities include the:

Make STI testing your Beforeplay campaign
Young Deadly Free website
Don’t fool around with syphilis campaign
ASHM Health – Congenital syphilis video
television and radio advertising
community group engagement
social media posts.

We also fund the Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM). ASHM delivers education activities for healthcare professionals working in:

HIV
viral hepatitis
sexual and reproductive health.

To access targeted syphilis training and education including the Decision Making in Syphilis Interactive Tool, see ASHM’s Syphilis Learning Hub.

Who we work with

To reduce the incidence of syphilis in Australia, we are working with:

The Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA) lead governance of the national syphilis response. To drive a nationally coordinated response, they consult and work in collaboration with the:

National syphilis monitoring reports

This collection contains monitoring and surveillance reports for cases of syphilis in Australia.

Learn more

Australian Capital Territory

New South Wales

Northern Territory

Queensland

South Australia

Tasmania

Victoria

Western Australia

WA clinical guidelines

Contact